Sunburn – symptoms and treatment

The skin is red, swollen, and aches – the effects of sunburn are unpleasant and, above all, harmful to the skin. The medical term is dermatitis solaris. It is an acute damage to the skin caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV light for short).

UVA and especially UVB radiation in sunlight are responsible for the appearance of bad sunburn and painful skin damage. Such sunburn can lead to long-term damage and increase the risk of skin cancer. That's why it's important to prevent even mild burns from occurring in the first place, if possible. There are several steps you can take to prevent and treat mild, moderate, or severe sunburn.

Sunburn manifests itself through symptoms or side effects such as: 

• The skin feels warm after spending time in the sun 
• Redness and occasional blistering 
• Pain
• Swelling

Symptoms typically appear 3 to 5 hours after sun exposure and are most severe within 12 to 24 hours. After about two days, the damaged skin may peel.

There are some parts of the skin that are more often or more severely affected by sunburn than others. These include 

• The face (especially the nose and lips)
• The neck
• Hands and forearms
• The arches of the feet (in summer).
• In women, the décolleté is also more frequently affected by sunburn. 

Since the risk of a severe sunburn is higher in these areas, you should care for them with extra attention and provide them with adequate sun protection. You can do so by applying skincare products with SPF (sun protection factor). For the face, we recommend the Eucerin Sensitive Protect Cream SPF 50+ for all skin types in the summer. It provides high protection against UVA/UVB rays and high-energy visible (HEVIS) light.

Year-round, you can use a moisturising day cream that also contains an SPF, for example, the Hyaluron-Filler +3x Effect Day SPF 15 cream, which is suitable for dry skin. Both hydrate sensitive and ageing facial skin and protect from sunburn and sun-induced damage.

Many wonder: what is good for sunburn? Sunburn treatment should be applied to the affected area of skin as soon as possible to minimise the symptoms, especially in the case of severe sunburn. Here's what to do and what to apply for sunburns:

1. Cool the sunburn by using a cold compress and taking a cool bath or cool shower. 
2. Soothe the skin by applying a specialised after-sun, or cooling product.
3. Rehydrate the skin by drinking plenty of water to avoid dehydration.
4. Consider taking common painkillers, such as ibuprofen and paracetamol, to ease pain and swelling.
5. Allow the skin to heal by minimising further exposure to the sun.
6. Do not pick skin that is peeling, and in the case of a severe sunburn, do not pop any blisters either.

The majority of sunburn treatments are centred around addressing sunburn symptoms and relieving the skin of inflammation, pain, and discomfort, which can help your skin recover faster and comfortably. As sunburn treatment does not heal the skin directly, it is vitally important to practise sunburn prevention by including SPF within your daily care routine.

Sunburn can be divided into three degrees of severity. In the following chart, we'll show you the three levels of severity and what to do when you get sunburn, to relieve pain and other symptoms:

Once a sunburn has subsided and the skin is peeling, a moisturising and regenerating cream can help rebuild the skin. If you experience dry skin after a sunburn, try the Eucerin UreaRepair product range for an intensive moisturising effect.

Generally, a sunburn can take around 7 days to heal completely. However, due to the various individual factors of your skin, this time will be reduced or increased depending on the severity of the sunburn:

• Mild sunburn will subside after 3 days, but it might take 5 days for the skin to heal.
• Moderate sunburn can last from 5 to 7 days, but it will usually be followed by a period of peeling and flaky skin.
• Severe sunburn can last up to 14 days, and it is advisable to contact a medical professional due to the various complications that can arise from this type of sunburn.

Thankfully, you can help ease this healing process by actively treating your sunburn, which can reduce the duration of the sunburn.

Sunburns can turn into tans. However, this depends on your skin type. The most prevalent factor indicating whether you will tan or not is your skin tone. In general, those with lighter skin and eyes are less likely to tan because the skin is more affected by UV exposure and produces less melanin. 

However, tanning, just like sunburn, is a type of UV damage that can put your health at risk. It is a common misconception that people with tanned skin are less likely to experience health concerns, when actually, tanning can increase your risk of skin cancer. Overexposing the skin to the sun can also cause uneven skin tone. For these reasons, it is best to protect your skin by avoiding tanning altogether and ensuring you actively protect your skin by using sunscreen every day.

Everyone has a different tolerance level to solar radiation. The extent to which skin can prevent a sunburn due to UVA and UVB radiation is highly individual. The interval, how long it takes before you get sunburned, is called the self-protection time of the skin from sun rays. 

First and foremost, this is related to skin type: individuals with lighter skin produce less melanin and are more susceptible to mild and moderate sunburns, even after a few minutes. The darker the skin, the longer-lasting the skin’s own sun protection.

The best way to prevent sunburn is to use appropriate sunscreens with a high sun protection factor. Eucerin sunscreen products combine broad-spectrum and photostable UVA/UVB filters to provide reliable protection. This way, you not only reduce the risk of skin cancer, which is one of the long-term risks of sunburn, but also avoid premature ageing of the skin due to sun exposure (so-called photoageing). 

It is also recommended to avoid the midday sun (approximately from 11 am to 3 pm), as UV radiation is highest during this time. In addition, you can protect your body from the sun by wearing long clothes, and your face by wearing a sun hat and putting on sunglasses with UV filters. Especially people with fair skin type or photosensitivity due to medication should protect themselves from sunlight to avoid sunburns.

Children and adolescents with fair skin types (I-II) are particularly frequently affected by sunburns. About 75% of all sunburns are observed in those under 20 years of age. Parents should take care to use sunscreens suitable for children. Learn more about sun protection for babies and children and why it is so important.

Incidence of sunburns by age:

Among 18- to 29-year-olds, 71% get sunburned once a year.

Among those over 60, 16% get sunburned once a year.